Spatial structure and scale feature of the atmospheric pollution source impact of city agglomeration   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

XU Xiangde  ZHOU Xiuji  SHI Xiaohui 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(Z2)

The spatial structure and multi-scale feature of the atmospheric pollution influence domain of Beijing and its peripheral areas (a rapidly developed city agglomeration) is dissected and analyzed in this paper on the basis of the atmospheric pollution dynamic-chemical process observation data of the urban building ensemble boundary layer of the Beijing City Air Pollution Observation Experiment (BECAPEX) in winter (February) and summer (August) 2003, and relevant meteorological elements and satellite retrieval aerosol optical depth (AOD), etc. comprehensive data with the dynamic-statistical integrated analysis of "point-surface" spatial structure. Results show that there existed significant difference in the contribution of winter/summer different pollution emission sources to the component character of atmospheric pollution, and the principal component analysis (PCA) results of statistical model also indicate that SO2 and NOX dominated in the component structure of winter aerosol particle; instead, CO and NOX dominated in summer. Surface layer atmospheric dynamic and thermal structures and various pollutant species at the upper boundary of building ensembles at urban different observational sites of Beijing in winter and summer showed an "in-phase" variation and its spatial scale feature of "influence domain". The power spectrum analysis (PSA) shows that the period spectrum of winter/summer particle concentration accorded with those of atmospheric wind field: the longer period was dominative in winter, but the shorter period in summer, revealing the impact of the seasonal scale feature of winter/summer atmospheric general circulation on the period of atmospheric pollution variations. It is found that from analyzing urban area thermal heterogeneity that the multiscale effect of Beijing region urban heat island (UHI) was associated with the heterogeneous expansion of tall buildings area. In urban atmospheric dynamical and thermal characteristic spatial structures, the turbulent scale feature of the urban boundary layer (UBL) of architectural complexes had important impact on the multi-scale feature of urban atmospheric pollution. The comprehensive analyses of the variational analysis field of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) AOD-surface PM10 under the condition of clear sky and the correlation resultant wind vector field for pollution source-tracing suggest that the emission sources for winter Beijing atmospheric pollution aerosols particle might be remotely traced to the south peripheral greater-scale spatial range of Hebei, Shandong, Tianjin, etc., and the spatial distribution of the high value area of AOD was associated with that of the high value area of resident family number (heating surface source). The backward trajectory feature of winter/ summer air particles exhibits analogous multi-scale feature, and depicts the difference in the scale feature of the pollution sources spatial distribution in different seasons. The peripheral source trajectory paths of urban atmospheric pollution (UAP) mainly come from the fixed industrial surface source or heating surface source in the outskirt of Beijing, and the diffusion and transport distance of peripheral sources in winter is larger than one in summer. The above conclusions depict the multi-scale spatial influence domain and seasonal features caused by UAP source influence and atmospheric dynamical structure. The high value area of the winter Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) AOD lay in the Beijing region and its south peripheral area, an S-N zonal pattern, which reflects the dynamical effect of peripheral topographic pattern on the diffusion of regional scale atmospheric pollution sources. Study suggests that the extent of winter atmospheric pollution within the "valley" megarelief in Beijing and periphery was close related with the pollution emission sources of the south peripheral area; and the significant "anti-phase" variation feature of winter AOD and sunshine duration in Beijing and its peripheral areas, and regional scale correlation of low cloud cover, fog days, and aerosols reflects the local climatic effect of aerosol influence in this region. Besides, analysis of the impacts of atmospheric dry/wet deposition distributions within a valley-scale on the regional water body of Miyun reservoir also reveals the possible influence of the multi-scale spatial structure of summer water, soil and atmospheric pollution sources on the water quality of Miyun reservoir.  相似文献   

Analysis to significant climate change in aerosol influence domain of Beijing and its peripheral areas by EOF mode     

SHI Xiaohui  XU Xiangde  ZHANG Shengjun  DING Guoan 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(Z2)

Using the total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) aerosol optical depth (AOD)data and the sunshine duration, fog days, Iow cloud cover (LCC), etc. meteorological data in 1979-2000 in North China, as well as empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode statistical analyses method, the winter aerosol distributive character of Beijing and peripheral city agglomeration and its influence effect on regional climate are investigated in this paper, especially the relation between aerosol influence effect and distinct change regions of eigenvectors of EOF mode. It is found from analyzing the regional distribution of the long-term averaged winter TOMS AOD that there is a large-scale relatively stable high value zone of aerosol concentration in the valley of the Beijing and peripheral U-shape megarelief. A high correlation area of AOD between Beijing and its southern peripheral exists in winter, and in this significant region of aerosol interaction, there is "in-phase" character of the interannual variations of winter AOD, fog days, and LCCs. It indicates that the variations of aerosol in Beijing and its peripheral areas have impacts on interannual changes of fog days and LCCs in this area. The EOF analyses of the meteorological data further reveal the climate change regions and long-term trends of winter sunshine duration-reducing, and LCC- and fog days-increasing in North China. The areas of significant changes of the first EOF eigenvectors (FEE) of sunshine duration, fog days, LCCs almost superpose on corresponding marked regions of interdecadal differences between the 1990s and 1980s, and all accord with the S-N zonal high value pattern and high correlation region of winter AOD in Beijing and its peripheral areas. Interannual variations of their associated time coefficients (ATC) are in phase with that of regional mean AOD, and both of them have a secular rising trend. Results by EOF mode analyses depict the regional climatic change principal character of winter sunshine duration-reducing, and LCC- and fog days-increasing in peripheral areas to the south of Beijing, and reveal the regional influence effect of aerosol, i.e. the high value zone of long-term averaged winter AOD, significant change regions of FEE of sunshine duration, fog days, and LCC all lie in peripheral city agglomeration to the south of Beijing. These distributive features above suggest that there exists a regional strengthening trend of aerosol climatic effect within influence domain in peripheral city agglomeration to the south of Beijing.  相似文献   

加速器质谱技术及其在地球科学中的应用   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

管永精王慧娟  鞠志萍何明武绍勇  董克君汪越  林敏姜山 《岩矿测试》2005,24(4):277-283

介绍了加速器质谱的基本原理、装置、技术发展以及在地球科学中的主要应用,并报道了中国原子能科学研究院加速器质谱实验室利用10Be2、6A l和36C l在地球科学如地质年代学、水文、海洋等相关领域开展的工作成果。  相似文献   

The Preparation and Characteristics of the Geochemical Certified Reference Material BEM (Emeishan Basalt)     

Chunhan Tong  Sichun Zhou  Juchu Li  Xiaohui Liu  Jianping Wu 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2005,29(2):225-231

A basaltic certified reference material BEM, prepared by Chengdu University of Technology, has recently been approved as a Primary Grade Reference Material (GBW07126) by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of China. BEM was sampled from the Emeishan Basalts in China, which is one of the largest basalt provinces in the world. After successfully completing homogeneity and stability tests, collaborative analyses were carried out in seventeen Chinese institutes and laboratories and two American laboratories. More than ten reliable analytical methods based on different principles of measurement were adopted, of which ICP-MS, NAA and ICP-AES contributed 60.5% of all results. Fifty-four elements and oxide components were characterised as certified values, four elements as recommended values and nine elements as information values. A minimum sampling mass of 40 mg for most elements is recommended for use.  相似文献   

"5.10"强对流天气雷达产品特征及临近预报   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宋晓辉  柴东红  曹秀芝  钱秀霞  杨玲珠 《气象科学》2007,27(Z1):85-88

本文运用多普勒雷达的基本反射率(R)、基本径向速度(V)、垂直积分液态含水量(VIL)等产品对2005年5月10日邯郸发生的强对流天气进行分析,总结了雷达产品特征,得出了一些具有实用价值的结果,为预报员快速判断强对流的潜势提供参考.  相似文献   

Propagation of Strong Wave Package Center and Latitudinal Movement of Western Pacific Subtropical High          下载免费PDF全文

SONG Yan  MIAO Jinhai  JU Jianhua 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2007,21(4):487-495

On the basis of studying wave package propagation,this paper investigated the relationship between high frequency wave package propagation and transient waves' evolvement or the subtropical high's latitudinal movement.The results showed that during winter the lifetime of wave package was longer and usually persisted for 7-10 days with a propagating speed of 2-10 m s~(-1).Usually they propagated southeastward at the beginning,then turned to northeast.During summer the lifetime and intensity of wave package became shorter and weaker.It availed development (attenuation) of troughs when the strong wave package center was intensified (weakened) which overlapped with trough.If strong wave package center kept overlapping with ridge,the ridge would abate later in a few days.Obvious jumping northward (retreating southward) processes of Western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) were (not) usually related to strong wave package centers located at South China Sea area (South Asia area and Temperate Zone) for 5 days or longer.After two seasonal jumping processes,there were persisting strong wave package centers for 5 days or longer. WPSH retreating processes were also related to activities of strong wave package centers over South Asian area and temperate area as well as the strong wave package centers of typhoon,and all these centers persisted for 5 days or longer.  相似文献   

自动观测与人工观测差异的初步分析   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

王颖刘小宁  鞠晓慧 《应用气象学报》2007,18(6):849-855

利用2001—2005年我国700个地面自动气象站与人工平行观测期间的数据, 对自动与人工观测的气温、气压、相对湿度、地表温度、风速风向、降水量进行了差异分析, 统计了两种观测之间的对比差值、百分误差和风向相符率。 对各要素观测差异在全国的分布特点进行了分析, 并检验了气温自动观测对气温资料连续性的可能影响。 结果表明:自动观测与人工观测各气象要素均存在一定的差异, 但大部分地区各要素的差异都在自动站误差允许范围之内; 造成差异的原因是多方面的, 包括仪器本身存在缺陷及观测方法不一致等。各要素自动观测与人工观测差异在全国的分布特点各不相同, 同一要素在不同的气候背景条件下差异大小不一致; 如果要将人工观测数据与自动观测数据连续使用, 还要检验自动观测与人工观测序列是否有显著性差异, 并进行均一性订正。 自动站的使用对年气温序列有一定影响, 总体差异不显著, 但当自动观测与人工观测气温合并使用时, 应进行均一性检验。  相似文献   

“5．10”强对流天气雷达产品特征及临近预报     

宋晓辉柴东红  曹秀芝钱秀霞 杨玲珠 《气象科学》2007,27(B12):85-88

本文运用多普勒雷达的基本反射率（R）、基本径向速度（V）、垂直积分液态含水量（VIL）等产品对2005年5月10日邯郸发生的强对流天气进行分析，总结了雷达产品特征，得出了一些具有实用价值的结果，为预报员快速判断强对流的潜势提供参考。  相似文献   

内蒙古克什克腾旗花岗岩石林的发现及成因          下载免费PDF全文

赵志中 钱方何培元  凌小惠李名则  孙继民郝治 田明中 《地质论评》2007,53(B08):235-236

在内蒙克什克腾旗的北大山地区首次发现一种花岗岩形成的石林，钱方等命名为花岗岩石林。花岗岩石林是一种新型的地貌景观，石林主要分布在海拔1700m左右的一些山脊上，石林相对高5～20m，座座石峰，千姿百态，造型奇特，美不胜收。当地蒙古语称此石林为“阿斯哈图”，即险峻的岩石之意。花岗岩石林由燕山期花岗岩形成，水平节理和垂直节理发育，这些节理裂隙为花岗岩石林地貌形成奠定了基础。第四纪以来，大兴安岭地区发生过多次古冰川作用，形成了众多的冰川遗迹，如山脊上发育了由花岗岩构成的冰川遗迹一刃脊和角峰，这些冰川遗迹也就是花岗岩石林形成的雏形。同时，花岗岩受到冰川和流水侵蚀，特别是长期强烈的寒冻风化及风蚀等作用，在内、外动力综合作用下逐渐形成了现今独特的花岗岩石林。北大山花岗岩石林以其独特地质特征和观赏价值，而成为克什克腾世界地质公园的主要园区之一。  相似文献   

自动气象站雷击事故分析          下载免费PDF全文

张怡朱晓辉  徐凤梅张静 《气象与环境科学》2007,30(B09):209-210

以某自动气象站3次遭受雷击为例，分析了雷击事故原因及整改措施和整改效果。  相似文献